Archive | PowerShell

Simple and quick – I had never done it before. I was working on a different script, but I realized that I have never downloaded my billing statements from azure. Simple 1 liner to download them:

foreach ($invoice in $(Get-AzBillingInvoice -GenerateDownloadUrl)){irm $invoice.Downloadurl -OutFile "$($invoice.Name).pdf"}

Hope that helps someone!

In the past I have always run Get-AzureRmResourceGroup, and then looped through all the resources groups and the VMs inside of them. This can be slow. So I put together this script to leverage Azure Resource Graph for your inventory. I hope this helps some one:

$everything=$(Search-AzureRmGraph -Query "where type != ''" -First 5000)
while ($($everything.Count) % 5000 -eq 0) { 
$everything=$everything + $(Search-AzureRmGraph -Query "where type != ''" -Skip $($everything.Count))
}

$VMs=$everything | Where {$_.type -contains 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines'} 
$NICs=$everything | Where {$_.type -contains 'microsoft.network/networkinterfaces'} 
$pubIPs = $everything | Where {$_.type -contains 'microsoft.network/publicipaddresses'}
$NSGs= $everything | Where {$_.type -contains 'microsoft.network/networksecuritygroups'}
$VMSizes = @()
$locations=$VMs | Select location -Unique
foreach ($location in $($locations.location)){
$sizes=get-azurermvmsize -location $location | Select @{Name="Location";Expression={$location}},Name,NumberOfCores,MemoryInMB,MaxDataDiskCount,OSDiskSizeInMB,ResourceDiskSizeInMB
$VMSizes+=$sizes
}


$output=$VMs `
| select *,@{N='vmSize';E={$_.properties.hardwareProfile.vmSize}} `
| select *,@{N='CurrentSku';E={$s=$_.VMSize;$l=$_.location;$VMSizes | where {$_.Location -eq $l -and $_.Name -eq $s}}} `
| select *,@{N='NumberOfCores';E={$_.CurrentSku.NumberOfCores}} `
| select *,@{N='MemoryInMB';E={$_.CurrentSku.MemoryInMB}} `
| select *,@{N='MaxDataDiskCount';E={$_.CurrentSku.MaxDataDiskCount}} `
| select *,@{N='ResourceDiskSizeInMB';E={$_.CurrentSku.ResourceDiskSizeInMB}} `
| select *,@{N='NICInfo';E={$NICId=$_.id;$NICs | Where {$_.properties.virtualMachine.id  -eq $NICId }}} `
| select *,@{N='NicName';E={(($_.NICInfo).Name)}} `
| select *,@{N='NSGID';E={(($_.NICInfo).properties).networkSecurityGroup.id}} `
| select *,@{N='NSGInfo';E={$NSGID=$_.NSGID;($NSGs | Where {$_.Id -eq $NSGID}).Properties}} `
| select *,@{N='securityRules';E={(($_.NSGInfo).securityRules).Name}} `
| select *,@{N='PrivIP';E={(((($_.NICInfo).Properties).ipConfigurations[0]).properties).privateIPAddress}} `
| select *,@{N='PubIPID';E={(((($_.NICInfo).Properties).ipConfigurations[0]).properties).publicIPAddress.id }} `
| select *,@{N='PubIPInfo';E={$PUBIPID=$_.PubIPID;($pubIPs | Where {$_.Id -eq $PUBIPID}).Properties}} `
| select *,@{N='publicIPAllocationMethod';E={(($_.PubIPInfo)).publicIPAllocationMethod}} `
| select *,@{N='publicIPAddress';E={(($_.PubIPInfo).ipAddress)}}

This pulls back everything and then you can pull out what you want.

There are a lot of examples out there on how to POST a document to Cosmos DB, but they weren’t working for me. I kept getting a 400 Bad Request. After far to long, I finally got it to work. I need the “x-ms-documentdb-partitionkey” header to make it work.

Code for anyone who needs it (I hacked the original code here that wasn’t working for me):

Function Generate-MasterKeyAuthorizationSignature{
	[CmdletBinding()]
	Param(
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$verb,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$resourceLink,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$resourceType,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$dateTime,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$key,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$keyType,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$tokenVersion
	)
	$hmacSha256 = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.HMACSHA256
	$hmacSha256.Key = [System.Convert]::FromBase64String($key)

	If ($resourceLink -eq $resourceType) {
		$resourceLink = ""
	}

	$payLoad = "$($verb.ToLowerInvariant())`n$($resourceType.ToLowerInvariant())`n$resourceLink`n$($dateTime.ToLowerInvariant())`n`n"
	$hashPayLoad = $hmacSha256.ComputeHash([System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetBytes($payLoad))
	$signature = [System.Convert]::ToBase64String($hashPayLoad)

[System.Web.HttpUtility]::UrlEncode("type=$keyType&ver=$tokenVersion&sig=$signature")
}

Code above just creates the auth header and is called below:

Function Post-CosmosDocuments{
	[CmdletBinding()]
	Param(
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$EndPoint,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$DBName,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$CollectionName,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$MasterKey,
		[String]$Verb="POST",
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$JSON
	)
	$ResourceType = "docs";
	$ResourceLink = "dbs/$DBName/colls/$CollectionName"
    $partitionkey = "[""$(($JSON |ConvertFrom-Json).id)""]"

	$dateTime = [DateTime]::UtcNow.ToString("r")
	$authHeader = Generate-MasterKeyAuthorizationSignature -verb $Verb -resourceLink $ResourceLink -resourceType $ResourceType -key $MasterKey -keyType "master" -tokenVersion "1.0" -dateTime $dateTime
	$header = @{authorization=$authHeader;"x-ms-version"="2015-12-16";"x-ms-documentdb-partitionkey"=$partitionkey;"x-ms-date"=$dateTime}
	$contentType= "application/json"
	$queryUri = "$EndPoint$ResourceLink/docs"
    #$header
    #$queryUri

    [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
	$result = Invoke-RestMethod -Method $Verb -ContentType $contentType -Uri $queryUri -Headers $header -Body $JSON 
}

And to run the functions above:

$CosmosDBEndPoint = "https://YourDBAccount.documents.azure.com:443/"
$DBName = "yourDB"
$CollectionName = "YourCollection"
$MasterKey = "YourPrimaryKey"

Post-CosmosDocuments -EndPoint $CosmosDBEndPoint -MasterKey $MasterKey -DBName $DBName -CollectionName $CollectionName -JSON ($SomeObject | ConvertTo-Json)

The key was to set the correct contentType and add “x-ms-documentdb-partitionkey” to the headers. This needs to match what your set your DB up with. I am useing “id”

As a bonus, here is the code to query a DB. Leveraging the same first function to create the auth header:

Function Query-CosmosDocuments{
	[CmdletBinding()]
	Param(
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$EndPoint,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$DBName,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$CollectionName,
		[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$MasterKey,
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)][String]$JSON,		
        [String]$Verb="POST"
	)
	$ResourceType = "docs";
	$ResourceLink = "dbs/$DBName/colls/$CollectionName"
$query=@"
{  
  "query": "SELECT * FROM contacts c WHERE c.id = @id",  
  "parameters": [  
    {  
      "name": "@id",  
      "value": "$(($JSON |ConvertFrom-Json).id)"  
    }
  ]  
} 
"@

	$dateTime = [DateTime]::UtcNow.ToString("r")
	$authHeader = Generate-MasterKeyAuthorizationSignature -verb $Verb -resourceLink $ResourceLink -resourceType $ResourceType -key $MasterKey -keyType "master" -tokenVersion "1.0" -dateTime $dateTime
	$header = @{authorization=$authHeader;"x-ms-version"="2015-12-16";"x-ms-documentdb-isquery"="True";"x-ms-date"=$dateTime}
	$contentType= "application/query+json"
	$queryUri = "$EndPoint$ResourceLink/docs"
    #$header
    #$queryUri

    [Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
	$result = Invoke-RestMethod -Method $Verb -ContentType $contentType -Uri $queryUri -Headers $header -Body $query 
    return $result
}

Hope that helps someone

I was looking for data that I couldn’t find in a PowerShell command, so I needed an access token to run a query against an Azure API.

I was stuck with the basic problem of how do I query the Azure REST endpoints from a RunBook. In my last post, I just learned that you can use the RunAs account for the AutomationAccount in an “Login-AzureRmAccount” session:

$connection = Get-AutomationConnection -Name AzureRunAsConnection
$loginresults=Login-AzureRmAccount -ServicePrincipal -Tenant $connection.TenantID `
-ApplicationId $connection.ApplicationID -CertificateThumbprint $connection.CertificateThumbprint

Taking that a step further, I can then get an access token from the logged in context, and use that with an REST API call:

$connection = Get-AutomationConnection -Name AzureRunAsConnection
$loginresults=Login-AzureRmAccount -ServicePrincipal -Tenant $connection.TenantID `
-ApplicationId $connection.ApplicationID -CertificateThumbprint $connection.CertificateThumbprint

$context = Get-AzureRmContext
$SubscriptionId = $context.Subscription
$cache = $context.TokenCache
$cacheItem = $cache.ReadItems()
$AccessToken=$cacheItem[$cacheItem.Count -1].AccessToken
$resourceGroup="MyResourceGroup"

$headerParams = @{'Authorization'="Bearer $AccessToken"}
$url="https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$SubscriptionId/resourceGroups/$resourceGroup/providers/Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines?api-version=2018-06-01"
$results=Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $url -Headers $headerParams -Method Get
Write-Output $results.value

Hope that helps someone !

It looks like we need to move to the new Az module. It is not required, but future functionality will not be added to AzureRM, so I decided to make the switch. Here is how I went about it.

First, to enable backwards compatibility, you need to add this command to your profile : “Enable-AzureRmAlias” . You can edit your profile and append the line by:

notepad $profile

or you can just append it by:

Add-Content $profile "`nEnable-AzureRmAlias"

(remeber ISE has it’s own $profile so you may need to modify it too)

Once you have “Enable-AzureRmAlias” in your profile, all your old scripts should still work.

Next, I wanted to remove all the old AzureRM modules. I had several versions installed, so it took a long time! Note: this code removes any module that starts with Azure*

foreach ($module in (Get-Module -ListAvailable Azure*).Name) {
    write-host "Removing Module $module"
    Uninstall-module $module -Force
}

Now that we are feeling clean, add the new module:

Install-Module Az

For some reason it didn’t install the new Az resource graph module so I added it:

Install-Module Az.ResourceGraph

I am ready for the future. Hope that helps someone.